论《德伯家的苔丝》中的达尔文主义_毕业论文.doc

论《德伯家的苔丝》中的达尔文主义 On Darwinism in Tess of the D’Urbervilles On Darwinism in Tess of the D’Urbervilles Zhang Yu English 2006-4 Zhong Ni (Lecturer) Oct. 27, 2009 摘 要 达尔文主义是哈代的社会观念、伦理道德观念和文艺思想的基础。哈代在小说中运用达尔文的进化论来探索和解释英国南部农村消亡的原因，演绎人类社会生存竞争的残酷现实，从而表现重大的社会悲剧主题。在《德伯家的苔丝》一书中，哈代在描写社会的变迁和发展时，运用达尔文主义中的科学思想，即“物竞天择，适者生存”，通过对苔丝悲剧的描写，揭示了威赛科斯农村社会和农民阶级在社会演化过程中的悲剧性历史命运。 文章分为五个部分：部分回顾和总结过去对《苔丝》的评论，尤其是其悲剧根源，同时提出折射在小说《苔丝》中的达尔文主义思想促成了苔丝悲剧的不可避免性。第一章探讨达尔文主义思想的精髓及其对哈代和他的重要作品的影响。第章分析贯穿在《苔丝》中的，包括：适者生存。结论部分总结折射在《苔丝》中的达尔文主义思想，简短分析这一研究的意义关键词：达尔文主义；物竞天择；《德伯家的苔丝》 Abstract Darwinism is the foundation of Hardy’s social idea, ethical and moral values and cultural ideological. With the application of Darwin’s theory of evolution to explore and explain the reasons for the demise of the rural south of England and interpretation of human society to survive the harsh reality of competition, Hardy represents us a theme of a great social tragedy. In Tess of the D’Urbervilles, during the process of describing social change and development, Hardy uses a scientific idea of Darwinism ---- “natural selection, survival of the fittest”. Through the detailed description of the tragedy of Tess, the author reveals the tragic historical destiny of the rural society and peasant class during the social evolution. The thesis consists of five parts: Introduction, recollecting and summarizing the previous criticisms of Tess of the D’Urbervilles, and the roots of Tess’s tragedy in particular, leads to the proposal that the spirit of Darwinism reflected in Tess of the D’Urbervilles contributes to the inevitability of Tess’s tragedy. Chapter One discusses the essence of Darwinism and its influence upon Hardy as well as upon his major works. Chapter Two is a brief introduction to this novel. Chapter Three analyzes the Darwinism running through Tess of the D’Urbervilles, including the natural basis, survival of the fittest and the evolution in morality. The conclusion summarizes the aspects of Darwinism reflected