动词的被动语态和非谓语动词.doc

动词的被动语态和非谓语动词 复习要点阐述 今天我们复习动词的语态和非谓语动词，我们主要复习如下的内容： 一．动词的被动语态。 二．动词不定式。 三．动名词。 四．分词。 一．动词的被动语态 　　语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动词的执行者。在初中阶段我们所学的句子绝大部分都是主动语态。今天我们主要复习被动语态，被动语态表示主语不是动作的执行者，而是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 （一）被动语态的构成 1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词 2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例) 时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/ does am/ is/ are＋done We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 did was/ were＋done He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 现在进行时 am/ is/are＋doing am/ is/ are＋being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered by her. 现在完成时 have/has＋done have/ has＋been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 一般将来时 will/ shall/ be going to ＋do will/ shall/ be going to＋be done They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 过去进行时 was/ were＋doing was/ were＋being＋done She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her this time yesterday. 过去完成时 had＋done had＋done Jim had finished the work. The work had been finished by Jim. 过去将来时 would/ should/ be going to＋do would/should/ be going to＋be done. He said he would made a kite. He said a kite would be made by him. 含有情态动词 can/ may/ must＋do can/may/must＋be＋done I can find him. He can be found by me. （二）被动语态的用法 被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况 1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。 e.g.This watch is made in China. 这块手表是在中国制造的。 2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 e.g.More trees must be planted every year. 每年必须有更多的树被种植。 3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。 4．动作的发出者不是人时。 e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood. 很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。 （三）主动语态和被动语态的转换 1．主动语态变被动语态： 　　（1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。 　　（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。 　　（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。 　　 e.g.We asked him to sing an English song. 我们让他唱一首英语歌。 He was asked to sing an English song by us. 他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。 2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 　　谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可接直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 e.g.S