聚类分析外文文献及翻译 2.doc

本科毕业设计外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目： Cluster Analysis —Basic Concepts and Algorithms 文献、资料来源： 学 院 数学学院 专 业：统 计 学 年 级：2009 级 姓 名：陈 天 送 学 号指导老师：邓绍高老师 外文文献：　 Cluster Analysis —Basic Concepts and Algorithms Cluster analysis divides data into groups (clusters) that are meaningful, useful,or both. If meaningful groups are the goal, then the clusters should capture the natural structure of the data. In some cases, however, cluster analysis is only a useful starting point for other purposes, such as data summarization. Whether for understanding or utility, cluster analysis has long played an important role in a wide variety of ?elds: psychology and other social sciences, biology,statistics, pattern recognition, information retrieval, machine learning, and data mining. There have been many applications of cluster analysis to practical problems. We provide some speci?c examples, organized by whether the purpose of the clustering is understanding or utility. Clustering for Understanding Classes, or conceptually meaningful groups of objects that share common characteristics, play an important role in how people analyze and describe the world. Indeed, human beings are skilled at dividing objects into groups (clustering) and assigning particular objects to these groups (classi?cation). For example, even relatively young children can quickly label the objects in a photograph as buildings, vehicles, people, animals, plants, etc. In the context of understanding data, clusters are potential classes and cluster analysis is the study of techniques for automatically ?nding classes. The following are some examples: Biology. Biologists have spent many years creating a taxonomy (hierarchical classi?cation) of all living things: kingdom, phylum, class,order, family, genus, and species. Thus, it is perhaps not surprising that much of the early work in cluster analys is sought to create a discipline of mathematical taxonomy that could automaticall