Energy Methods in Structural Analysis（能源结构分析的方法）.pdf

Module 1 Energy Methods in Structural Analysis Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur Lesson 1 General Introduction Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur Instructional Objectives After reading this chapter the student will be able to 1. Differentiate between various structural forms such as beams, plane truss, space truss, plane frame, space frame, arches, cables, plates and shells. 2. State and use conditions of static equilibrium. 3. Calculate the degree of static and kinematic indeterminacy of a given structure such as beams, truss and frames. 4. Differentiate between stable and unstable structure. 5. Define flexibility and stiffness coefficients. 6. Write force-displacement relations for simple structure. 1.1 Introduction Structural analysis and design is a very old art and is known to human beings since early civilizations. The Pyramids constructed by Egyptians around 2000 B.C. stands today as the testimony to the skills of master builders of that civilization. Many early civilizations produced great builders, skilled craftsmen who constructed magnificent buildings such as the Parthenon at Athens (2500 years old), the great Stupa at Sanchi (2000 years old), Taj Mahal (350 years old), Eiffel Tower (120 years old) and many more buildings around the world. These monuments tell us about the great feats accomplished by these craftsmen in analysis, design and construction of large structures. Today we see around us countless houses, bridges, fly-overs, high-rise buildings and sp