国际服务贸易复习大纲.doc

国际服务贸易复习大纲2014版 一、英译中 1.The GATS takes a very comprehensive view of trade in services. Article I.2 of the Agreement defines trade in services for the purposes of the Agreement as consisting of four types of transactions or modes of supply: Mode 1: supply of a service from the territory of one Member into that of another Member, i.e. supplier and consumer interact across distance (cross-border trade). Mode 2: consumption of a service by consumers of one Member who have moved into the territory of the supplying Member (consumption abroad). Mode 3: services are provided by foreign suppliers that are commercially established in the territory of another Member (commercial presence). Mode 4: services are supplied by foreign natural persons, either employed or self-employed, who currently stay in the territory of another Member (presence of natural persons). When we talk about ‘trade’ in services, it is not just trade in the conventional sense?where a product is produced in one country and sold to consumers in another country梑ut we mean the whole range of international transactions, including foreign investment and international move iment of people, as consumers or providers of services. Thus, services 憫trade拻 encompasses: cross border trade in road and air transport; consumption by foreigners of tourism services; foreign direct investment in banking, communication, and distribution; and the temporary migration of doctors, teachers, and construction workers. Put this way, it is obvious that trade in services matters, not just for the state of the services sector but for overall economic performance. Most professional service providers, such as doctors, engineers, and lawyers, have to be certified in order to practice their profession. The certification requirements can serve as barriers to trade because they raise entry costs for foreign service providers. Foreigners often have to take courses, exams, and sometimes establish a residence to meet local ce