大学英语语法--16种时态.doc

英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下 以study为例 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 study be studying have studied have been studying 过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying 将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying 过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying 一、一般时态 1、一般现在时 1 一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词 usually，often，always sometimes， regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week 等连用。例如： 1）The moon moves round the earth.. 2）Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. （2）在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1）I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2）I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. （3）某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave 等。例如： 1）The plane leaves at three sharp. 2）The new teachers arrive tomorrow. （4）在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： 1）Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2）You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2．一般过去时 （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： 1）He always went to class last. 2）I used to do my homework in the library. （注意与be used to doing短语的区别） 3．一般将来时 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）几种替代形式： 1）be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2）be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3）be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4）be due to +v表示预先确定了的事， 必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、进行时态 1．现在进行时 （1）表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the mother，for the time being，for the present等连用。