assessing vaccination sentiments with online social media implications for infectious disease dynamics and control评估疫苗接种的情绪与在线社交媒体对传染病动力学的影响和控制.pdf
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Assessing Vaccination Sentiments with Online Social
Media: Implications for Infectious Disease Dynamics and
Control
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Marcel Salathe*, Shashank Khandelwal
Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Abstract
There is great interest in the dynamics of health behaviors in social networks and how they affect collective public health
outcomes, but measuring population health behaviors over time and space requires substantial resources. Here, we use
publicly available data from 101,853 users of online social media collected over a time period of almost six months to
measure the spatio-temporal sentiment towards a new vaccine. We validated our approach by identifying a strong
correlation between sentiments expressed online and CDC-estimated vaccination rates by region. Analysis of the network of
opinionated users showed that information flows more often between users who share the same sentiments - and less
often between users who do not share the same sentiments - than expected by chance alone. We also found that most
communities are dominated by either positive or negative sentiments towards the novel vaccine. Simulations of infectious
disease transmission show that if clusters of negative vaccine sentiments lead to clusters of unprotected individuals, the
likelihood of disease outbreaks is greatly increased. Online social media provide unprecedented access to data allowing for
inexpensive and efficient tools to identify target areas for intervention efforts and to evaluate their effectiveness.
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Citation: Salathe M, Khandelwal S (2011) Assessing Vaccination Sentiments with Online Social Media: Implications for Infectious Disease Dynamics and
Control. PLo
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