体制理论观点-国立高雄科技大学第一校区.PPT

* 三種同形化的過程 合作取向關係—體制理論觀點 面對體制壓力 順服 對抗 逃避 合作取向關係—網路理論觀點 主要意涵 網路理論 (network theory) 交易成本 交易成本理論(transaction cost theory) 交易成本的影響因素 Transaction Cost Theory Transaction costs: the costs of negotiating, monitoring, and governing exchanges between people Transaction cost theory: the goal of an organization is to minimize the costs of exchanging resources in the environment and the costs of managing exchanges inside the organization Sources of Transaction Costs Environmental uncertainty and bounded rationality Bounded rationality: refers to the limited ability people have to process information Opportunism and small numbers When organizations are dependent on a small number for supplies, the potential for exploitation is great Risk and specific assets Specific assets: investments that create value in one particular exchange relationship but have no value in any other exchange relationship 交易成本的影響因素 Transaction Costs and Linkage Mechanisms Transaction costs are low when: Organizations are exchanging nonspecific goods and services Uncertainty is low There are many possible exchange partners Transaction Costs and Linkage Mechanisms Transaction costs are high when: Organizations begin to exchange more specific goods and services Uncertainty increases The number of possible exchange partners falls Transaction Costs and Linkage Mechanisms Bureaucratic costs: internal transaction costs Bringing transactions inside the organization minimizes but does not eliminate the costs of managing transactions Using Transaction Cost Theory to Choose an Interorganizational Strategy Transaction cost theory can be used to choose an interorganizational strategy Managers can weigh the savings in transaction costs of particular linkage mechanisms against the bureaucratic costs Using Transaction Cost Theory to Choose an Interorganizational Strategy (cont.) Managers deciding which strategy to pursue must take the following steps: Locate the sources of transaction costs that may affect an exchange re