作物高产高效的土壤限制定量化解析与调控.pptx

作物高产高效的土壤限制定量化解析与调控研究内容与目标：阐明我国主要农田土壤基础生产力状况及其对高产高效的影响。明确小麦-玉米轮作条件下，土壤关键过程与作物高产群体的匹配机理及其定向调控途径。主要进展：1. 建立产量差限制因子解析的分析方法；明确我国主要作物系统基于土壤的产量差及关键土壤肥力性状影响。What is Yield Gap? YGp = potential yield – farmer’s yield YGA = attainable potential yield – farmer’s yield (Evans, L.T., 1998; Fischer et al., 2014, Crop yield and global food security)Major approach for solving food security Narrowing Yield Gap58%Changing Diets28%Others（e.g. improved variety, reducing waste and storage loss et al）14-94%(Foley et al., 2009, Nature)Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA)University of Nebraska-LincolnWageningen UniversityWebsite: /To predict where and when crop yields plateau.To determine where, what crop and how big in room in yield increase.(n=57 for rice, 40 for wheat and 56 for maize field experiments)Rice: 7.0 to 8.8 t/ha (80%), and 1.8 t/ha gap;Wheat: 5.7 to 8.9 t/ha (64%), and 3.2 t/ha gap;Maize: 7.6 to 14.2 t/ha (54%), and 6.6 t/ha gap. (Chen et al., 2014, Nature) Crop scientist’s conceptual model for explaining yield gaps(Joao, 2017)Production principlesYIELD GAP Lovenstein et al., 1995; Van Ittersum and Rabbinge, 1997; Van Ittersum et al., 2013Agricultural Production System：Functions and Principles Social WelfareIncomeEmploymentWealthSocial capitalPolitical capitalHuman capital Functions: Produces food for human and animals – ProductivityControls flows/fluxes of water, carbon, nutrients etc – Environmental Impacts Principles: A plant-soil integrated system, responds to variations in genetic, environmental and management practices (Y = G x E(C,S) x M), but interact with socioeconomic systems. Advanced conceptual model for explaining yield gaps1. The potential yield (Yp) is defined as the maximum theoretical yield of a specific crop genotypes when grown under non-limiting water and nutrient supply and biotic stress effectively controlled in a well-defined biophysical environment. YPYG-TechYHFYG-ResYTEx2. The highest farmers’ yield (YHF) refer to the highest yield achieved by cu