2018 考研英语(一)冲刺测试卷-试题.doc

2018考研英语（一）冲刺测试卷 试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as __1__ to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or __2__ at the lowest possible cost—much __3__one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance ___4___ to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second __5___ command. The __6__ of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who ___7___ it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to ___8___ to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). ___9___, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms ___10___. As a ___11___, problems ___12___ when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn ___13___ to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers on Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is ___14___ in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for ___15___ retraining ___16___ costs and creates bottlenecks that ___17___ the speed with ___18___ new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological ___19___. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population ___20___ the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.