基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计 （毕业设计）.doc

东华理工大学长江学院毕业设计（论文） 摘要 摘 要 用单片机控制步进电机的驱动电源是近年来发展起来的一种新型步进电机驱动电源的控制方式。利用单片机控制步进电机不仅灵活、方便、便于实现、编程容易、节约成本，并且结构简单、可靠性好、抗干扰能力强，因此可在工业领域中得到广泛运用。 单片机对步进电机的控制有串行控制和并行控制两种方式。本设计采用串行控制方式，此方式下单片机控制系统与步进电机驱动器之间只有两条控制线。一条发出时钟脉冲信号来控制步进电机的转速；另一条发出转向信号控制步进电机的转向。这两个信号都是送入步进电机驱动器的输入端，驱动器中含有环行分配器，对步进电机励磁方式的控制和控制脉冲的分配都是由环行分配器来完成的。由于单片机控制系统与驱动器之间只有两条控制线，从而使系统结构大为简化。控制系统按速度控制的要求从时钟脉冲控制线发出相应的控制脉冲即可对步进电机的转速进行控制。当需要恒速运行时，就发出恒定频率的控制脉冲；当需要加速运行时，就发出频率递增的控制脉冲；当需要减速运行时，就发出频率递减的控制脉冲；当需要锁定状态时，只需要停止发脉冲并通入直流电就可以了。 关键词：单片机系统； 控制； 步进电机； 环行分配器 东华理工大学长江学院毕业设计（论文） ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Step-by-steps the electrical machinery actuation power source with the monolithic integrated circuit control is one kind which the recent years developed new step-by-steps the motor-driven power source control mode.Step-by-steps the electrical machinery nimbly not only using the monolithic integrated circuit control, convenient, is advantageous for the realization, the programming easily, the frugal cost, and structure simple, reliability good, antijamming ability, therefore may obtain the widespread utilization in the industry domain. The monolithic integrated circuit to step-by-steps the electrical machinery control to have the serial control and parallel controls two ways.This design uses the serial control mode, under this way the monolithic integrated circuit control system with step-by-steps between the electrical machinery driver only then two pilot wires.Sends out the clock pulse signal to control step-by-steps the electrical machinery rotational speed; Another sends out changes the signal control to step-by-step electrical machinery change.These two signals all are send in step-by-step the electrical machinery driver input end, in the driver include move in a circle the divider, to step-by-steps the electrical machinery excitation way control and the control pulse assignment all is by moves in a circle the divider to complete.Becau