电子科学与技术专业英语课件.ppt

* The first transistor from Bell Labs Photo courtesy of Lucent Technologies Bell Labs Innovations (照片由……提供） * Solid state means that it doesnt change its physical form as it switches. There are no moving parts in a transistor. “固态”的意思是当晶体管切换状态时，它的物理形式不发生变化。晶体管中不存在可以移动的部分 。 Transistor vs. vacuum tube * Compared to the vacuum tube , transistors were much smaller, faster, and cheaper to manufacture. They were also far more reliable and used much less power. Transistor vs. vacuum tube 和真空管相比，晶体管尺寸小得多，速度快得多，生产成本低得多，性能更加可靠，功耗也少得多。 * While most materials either insulate from electrical flow (air, glass, wood) or conduct electricity readily (metals, water), there are some that only conduct electricity a small amount, or only under certain conditions. These are called semiconductors. 大多数材料要么对电流绝缘（如空气、玻璃、木头），要么很容易传导电流（如金属、水溶液），但也有一些材料只传导少量电流，或者只在特定条件下传导电流。这些材料被称作半导体。 2 Conductivity vs. semiconductor * Convection, radiation, conduction The most commonly used semiconductor is of course silicon. Conductivity semiconductor Confusable with “Silica” Silica：硅石，二氧化硅（SiO2） * Miniaturization means the reduction in size of components and circuits for increasing package density and reducing power dissipation and signal propagation delays. 微型化是指减少元件和电路的几何尺寸, 从而增加封装密度、降低功耗、减少信号传输延迟。 3 Miniaturization , IC, LSI, VLSI * The integrated circuit is a group of transistors manufactured from a single piece of material and connected together internally, without extra wiring . Integrated circuits are also called ICs or chips. 集成电路就是用单片材料制造的，内部互连的（无外部连线）一组晶体管。集成电路也叫IC或者芯片。 Miniaturization , IC, LSI, VLSI * 词汇特点：缩略词、首字词、混合法、字母外形法 语法特点：客观性（objective），准确性（accuracy）， 精练性(conciseness) 修辞特点：（1）几个从句修饰同一概念 （2） 从句本身又套从句 （3）带有从句的并列复合句 （4）利用主语或表语从句进行强调 翻译特点：逻辑条理性，避免歧义，物理意义等 overview (1) 广泛使用被动语态 (2) 广泛使用非谓语形式 (3) 省略句使用频繁 (4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁 (5) 复杂长句使用频繁 (6) 后置形容词短语作定语多 * LSI：Large-scale Integration大规模集成(电路) L