生物质资源与生物能源 biomass and bioenergy resources.ppt

Biomass Primer Remarks by Fred Deneke – USDA FS (Ret.) To The NACD Bioenergy Conference On The Status, Trends, and Future of The South’s Forest Agricultural Biomass Athens, GA August 29, 2005 Goal of Presentation U.S. and World Energy Overview Biomass Basics Biomass Overview Sources Conversion Processes Potential Products Potential Benefits Biomass Policy Overview Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years* ENERGY WATER FOOD ENVIRONMENT POVERTY TERRORISM WAR DISEASE EDUCATION DEMOCRACY POPULATION U.S. Energy Production Overview U.S. Energy Consumption Overview Our Oil Situation ENERGY SHORTAGE – AN OPPORTUNITY! Current worldwide demand for oil 81MM barrels/day Production at 95% capacity Price high and climbing- $65/barrel + Demand in 20 years 121MM barrels/day Where will it come from? Unstable countries and alternative sources Source balance will change over time Natural gas Shortage in 10 years Biomass Biomass is defined as follows from the DOE Roadmap: Any organic matter that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including agricultural crops and trees, wood and wood wastes and residues, plants (including aquatic plants), grasses, residues, fibers, animal wastes, and segregated municipal waste, but specifically excluding unsegregated wastes, painted, treated or pressurized wood; wood contaminated with plastic or metals; and tires. Processing and conversion derivitives of organic matter are also biomass. Three Primary Biomass Sources Agriculture Forestry Municipal Waste Agricultural Biomass Agriculture biomass includes crop, animal, and processing residues (straw, corn stover, sugarcane, animal manure, orchard prunings, hulls, shells, pits, pomace, and waste water from food processing operations Dedicated agriculture crops such as corn, sorghum, switchgrass, etc. Rapid fiber forest crops such as silage alder, hybrid poplar, sycamore, and willow Forest Biomass Forest biomass includes harvesting and thinning residues, and thi