chapter 3 phonetics.ppt

* Chapter 3 Phonetics Introduction to linguistics Review Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why? The minute I set eyes on an animal I know what it is. I don’t have to reflect a moment; the right name comes out instantly. I seem to know just by the shape of the creature and the way it acts what animal it is. When the dodo came along he [Adam] thought it was a wildcat. But I saved him. I just spoke up in a quite natural way and said “Well, I do declare if there isn’t the dodo!” Mark Twain, Eve’s Diary What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Shakespeare “What’s one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one?” “I don’t know,” said Alice. “I lost count.” “She can’t do Addition,” the Red Queen interrupted. Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass 3.1 What is Phonetics? the science of speech sounds provide the set of features or properties describe and distinguish all the sounds Three sub-fields of phonetics articulatory phonetics （发音语音学） acoustic phonetics （声学语音学） auditory phonetics （听觉语音学） speech production by the speech organs physical properties of speech sounds perception of speech sounds I take it you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough? [tΛf] [bau] [k?f] [d??] Others may stumble but not you On hiccough, thorough, lough and through. [h?kΛp] [?Λr?] [l?k] [?ru:] Well done! And now you wish, perhaps, To learn of less familiar traps? Can you read this？ 3.2 International Phonetic Alphabet tough women nation Bernard Shaw fish ghoti International Phonetic Alphabet （国际音标） the tool in phonetics used to transcribe speech sounds of different languages 3.3 Articulation （发音） the production of different speech sounds through the use of speech organs Speech Organs articulate sounds Lips provide passive articulator and acoustic baffle（助声板） Teeth articu