水资源保护与利用规划手册.doc
水资源保护与利用规划手册
TheWaterResourcesProtectionandUtilizationPlanningHandbookservesasacomprehensiveguideforprofessionalsandstakeholdersinvolvedinthemanagementandconservationofwaterresources.Itisspecificallydesignedforgovernments,waterauthorities,andnon-governmentalorganizationsthatareresponsiblefordevelopingstrategiestoensuresustainablewatersupplyandefficientuseofwaterresources.Thehandbookisapplicableinvariouscontexts,includingurbanplanning,environmentalmanagement,agriculturalirrigation,andwaterresourcepolicydevelopment.
Thetitleofthehandbookemphasizesthedualobjectivesofprotectingwaterresourcesandoptimizingtheirutilization.Itoutlinesaframeworkforassessingcurrentwaterusagepatterns,identifyingpotentialareasofimprovement,andsettinggoalsforsustainablewatermanagement.Thisguideisinstrumentalinensuringthatwaterresourcesarepreservedforfuturegenerationswhilemeetingthepresentdemandsofsociety.
AdherencetotheprinciplesoutlinedintheWaterResourcesProtectionandUtilizationPlanningHandbookrequiresamultidisciplinaryapproach,involvinghydrologists,economists,policymakers,andcommunityleaders.Itcallsfortheintegrationofecological,social,andeconomicfactorstocreateholisticwatermanagementplans.Implementingtheguidelineswithinthishandbookwillcontributetotheachievementofsustainablewaterresourcemanagementgoals,therebypromotingthehealthofecosystemsandthewell-beingofhumancommunities.
水资源保护与利用规划手册详细内容如下:
第一章水资源概述
1.1水资源概念与分类
水资源是指自然界中可供人类利用的水的总称,包括地表水、地下水和大气降水等。水资源是自然界中不可或缺的自然资源,对于维持地球生态平衡、保障人类生活、促进经济社会发展具有重要意义。
水资源可分为以下几类:
(1)地表水:指河流、湖泊、水库、冰川和湿地等地表水体。地表水是水资源的重要组成部分,可直接或间接地为人类生产、生活和生态环境提供水源。
(2)地下水:指地下水位以上至地表的水层。地下水是水资源的重要来源,具有分布广泛、更新周期长、水质较好等特点。
(3)大气降水:指大气中的水蒸气凝结为液态或固态水降落到地面的现象。大气降水是水资源的主要补给来源,对于维持地表水和地下水资源的平衡具有重要作用。
(4)海水:指地球表面广阔的海洋水体。虽然海水在总量上占据地球水资源的大部分,但由于其盐分含量较高,直接利用受到限制。
1.2我国水资源现状及特点
我国水资源总量丰富