Fraud and Forensic Accounting In a Digital (欺诈和法务会计在数字).pdf
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Fraud and Forensic Accounting
In a Digital Environment
White Paper for
The Institute for
Fraud Prevention
Conan C. Albrecht
Marriott School of Management
Brigham Young University
conan@
Fraud and Forensic Accounting
In a Digital Environment
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses four aspects of computeraided fraud detectionthat are of
primary interest to fraud investigators and forensic accountants: data mining techniques
for the detection of internal fraud, ratio analysis forthe detection of financial statement
fraud, the issues surrounding external information sources, and computer forensics during
fraud investigations. It provides an informative background and then details the current
status of research in each area. It describes what is currently unknown, and it proposes
future research topics.
Keywords: Fraud, Computer Forensics, Proactive Fraud Detection, Digital Accounting
1 INTRODUCTION
The modern digital environment offers new opportunities for both perpetrators
and investigators of fraud. In many ways, it has changed the way fraud examiners
conduct investigations, the methods internal auditors use to plan and complete work, and
the approaches external auditorstake to assess risk and perform audits. While some
methods, such as online working papers, are merelycomputerized versions of traditional
tasks, others, such as risk analysis based on neural networks,are revolutionizing the field.
Many auditors and researchers find themselves working amid an everchanging
workplace, with computerbased methods leading the charge.
Perhaps the most difficult aspect to computerbased techniques is the application
of a single term to a wi
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