表将来的各种表达及区别.doc

英语中可以用来表示将来的各种时态 表示将来时的常见用法：1. will/shall do (一般将来时) 2.. be going to do 3. be doing （现在进行时） 4. do/does （一般现在时） 5. be about to do 6. be to do 及区别: 一般将来时：will/shall do 表示单纯的将来事实定做某事 e.g. We shall have a lot of rain next month. 或 表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决 --You forget to close the door. --Oh, I’ll close it at once. --Ann is in hospital. --Oh,really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and visit her. 二． be going to do 有迹象表明要发生某事 e.g. Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain. 或 强调主观想法或意图: e.g. I’m going to wash the car if I have time. 或 强调某个意图是事先考虑好的: --Ann is in hospital. --Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow. 三．现在进行时表将来常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。它常表最近或较近的将来，所用动词多是转移动词。如：　　(1) I’m going. 我要走了。　　(2) When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？亦可用于某些非转移动词。如：　　(1) I’m meeting you after class. 课后我找你。　　(2) What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？但偶尔也表示较远的将来。如：　　 When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。有时含有“决心”的意思，多用在否定结构中。如：　　(1) I’m not going. 我不走了。　　(2) I’m not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。有时也用在肯定结构中。如：　　 I’m backing out. 我要打退堂鼓了。用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时可变成命令，不过语气比较温和。如：　　(1) You are staying. 你留下吧。　　(2) Don’t forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘记：你也要参加。e.g The train leaves at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning. The bus starts in ten minutes. The summer term begins on the 15th of February. The planes arrives early in the evening. 或 在时间或条件句中, 用一般现在时表示将来的动作 e.g. Ill write to you when I arrive there. 四． be about to do: 表示动作之快的将来,其后不能接时间状语,它与be on the point of doing sth.相似 e.g. Autumn is about to start. (不能带soon/ at once等任何时间状语) They are on the point of starting. (牢记一个句型：be about to do sth when …..: 正要做某事这时…….) e.g. I was about to go out when it began to rain. 五．be to do: 表命中注定的事/命运, 隐含在未来之中的事, e.g. I think we are to meet again many years later. 或 父母让子女,上级让下级做的事,表示命令, e.g. You’re to do your homework befor