激励机制为企业管理难题之首详解.ppt

Chapter 10 Motivating and Rewarding Employees 激励机制为企业管理难题之首 《世界经理人文摘》于2002年面向中国的职业经理人、企业家和管理专家进行了一次调查，调查的题目是“中国企业的十大管理难题”。激励机制为企业管理难题之首. L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E SAfter reading this chapter, I will be able to: Describe the motivation process. Explain the hierarchy of needs theory. Differentiate Theory X from Theory Y. Explain the motivational implications of the motivation hygiene theory. Describe the motivational implications of equity theory. L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E S (cont’d)After reading this chapter, I will be able to: Explain the key relationships in expectancy theory. Identify management practices that are likely to lead to more motivated employees. 有一次美国大思想家爱默生与独生子想将牛赶回牛棚，两人一前一后使尽所有力气，怎么样牛也不肯进去。家中女佣见两个大男人满头大汗，徒劳无功，便哈哈大笑，说：‘看我的’，只见她很容易就将牛弄进了牛栏。 你知道她用了什么办法吗？ Motivation And Individual Needs Need 需要 An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive 是一种内部状态，它使人感到某种结果具有吸引力。 Motivation 激励 The willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need 个体希望通过高水平的努力而实现组织目标的愿望，其前提条件是这种努力能够满足个体的某种需要。 The Motivation Process激励过程 Components of Motivation激励的要素 Early Theories Of Motivation 早期动机理论 Hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow) 马斯洛的需要层次论 there is a hierarchy of five human needs; as each need becomes satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. 每个人都有五个层次的需求；每个需要层次得到实质的满足之后，才会激活下一个目标。 Early Theories Of Motivation 早期动机理论 Hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow) Physiological: food, drink, shelter, sex Safety: physical safety Social: affiliation with others, affection, friendship Esteem: Internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement); external (status, recognition, and attention) Self-actualization: personal growth and fulfillment Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Early Theories Of Motivation Theory X、 Y (McGregor) 麦格雷格的X 、 Y理论 管理者的行为建立在假设的基础之上。 Theory X (McGregor) The assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, seek to