lecture12[Idioms].ppt
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第 十二 讲;1、习语的定义及范畴
习语是民族语言中的精华。它短小精悍、寓意深刻,具有浓郁的民族文化特色。
习语可包括成语、谚语、俗语、俚语等,其结构既有短语、又有分句、还有句子。
翻译习语首先要正确理解其含义,认识其文化特点,注意英汉习语之间的异同,然后运用正确的方法翻译。
在准确地传达原习语的意义的同时,还应充分考虑到原文的浓郁民族风格--不同的文化背景、不同的思维方式、不同的文法和表达习惯。 ;2,翻译方法:
常采用直译、意译、借用、直译兼意译、直译加注、省略等方法处理。
(1)直译法(literal translation)-
---用于喻义相似、喻体相似的习语。不违背译文语言规范,不引起误解的情况下,在译文中保留原文习语的形象、修辞手段和民族特色。
轻于鸿毛,重于泰山。
to be lighter than a goose feather or heavier than Mount Tai. ;易如反掌
as easy as turning over one’s hand
趁热打铁
Strike while the iron is hot.
味如嚼蜡
no better than chewing tallow
人为财死,鸟为食亡。
Men die for wealth, birds die for food.
Misfortunes never come singly.
祸不单行。
to take a load off ones mind
如释重负 ;(2)借用法(borrowing):
汉英习语含义相同,形象一致或虽形象不一致,但内涵相同时,可借用同义英语习语。但不能简单对应,要多加推敲。
天有不测风云
a bolt from the blue
山穷水尽
at the end of its tether
龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠生儿打地洞。
Like father , like son.
宁为鸡头,不为牛后。
Better be the head of a dog than tail of a lion.;Some prefer turnips and others pears.
萝卜白菜,各有所爱。
(比译为“有人喜欢萝卜, 有人喜欢梨”更能为中国读者所理解和接受。 )
as lean as a rail
骨瘦如柴
(如 直译为“瘦得像个横杆”,则不符合中国人习惯。)
clean hand
两袖清风
He cries wine and sells vinegar.
挂羊头,卖狗肉。
as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death)
面如土色
;as red as rose
艳如桃李
as clear as daylight
洞若观火
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.
有情人终成眷属。
He robs Peter to pay Paul.
拆东墙补西墙。
Diamonds cut Diamonds.
棋逢对手,将遇良才。 ;(3)当直译或借译行不通时可采用意译( free translation )或直译兼意译(literal
plus free translation)。
A. 意译
滥竽充数
just to make up the number
斩草除根
pluck up the evil by the roots;to come like a dog at a whistle
一呼即来
Hilter was once as proud as a peacock.
希特勒曾是一个不可一世的家伙。
Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.
玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。
(而不是像两颗豌豆一样相似) ;B.直译加意译 这种译法既能保持原文的比喻形象, 同时又能明白清楚地表达寓意。例如:
laugh off ones head
笑掉了牙
break the earth
破土动工
wash off ones hands
洗手不干
There is no rose without a thorn.
玫瑰皆有刺, 乐中必有苦。(比意译的世上没有十全十美的幸福。简洁形象。)
;Every flow has its ebb.
潮有涨落日, 人有盛衰时。
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
滚石不生苔, 转业不聚财。
Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cup
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