城化与地方发展-中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所.PPT

城市化与地方发展Urbanization and Local Development 谢文泽 博士、副研究员 Xie Wenze Ph.D, Associate Research Fellow 中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所 ILAS，CASS I. 城市化是产业发展和资源配置的进程Urbanization: processes of industrial development and resource allocation “城”是“壳”，“市”是内容。产业和资源进“城”，寻求竞争优势；人力、资本和商品在“市”中流动和配置。 基本因素： 地方因素 国家因素 国际因素 “ City” is the “Shell” of urban. “ Market” is the contents of urban. Industries and resources are gathering in “City” for seeking for competitive advantages. Labor, capital and goods are mobilized and allocated in the “ Market”. Basic factors： Local elements National elements National elements II. 城市化是地方发展的重要引擎Urbanization is the important engine of local development 1. 制造业和服务业主要集中在城市。 2. 城市的GDP比重上升 3. 城市的就业比重上升 4. 城市的人口比重上升 1. Manufacturing and service industries are mainly concentrated in urban area. 2. The percentage of urban GDP is being increased. 3. The percentage of urban employment is being increased. 4. The percentage of urban population is being increased. III. 城乡二元结构Dual structure of urban and rural area 城市——中心 农村——外围 City——center Rural Area——Periphery VI. 城市化与收入分配Urbanization and Income Distribution 城市化率介于50%～80%时，收入 分配差距会继续扩大。 收入分配差距的来源： 农村地区收入分配差距 城乡收入分配差距 正规部门 城市收入分配差距 正规部门——非正规部门 The income gap could be increased while the urbanization rate is between 50% and 80%. The main origins of the gap: Rural gap Urban—Rural gap Formal sector Urban gap Formal sector — Informal sector V.城乡一体化发展Urban-rural Integration 联接城市和农村的基础设施 ——为农村的劳动力和产品提供进入城市市场的便利。 重视非正规部门 Infrastructure which is connecting the urban and the rural —— accessibility of rural labor and products to urban market. More attention should be paid on the informa