Darwin_and_his_masterpiece, Chen shuhui April 1st,2015[精].ppt

Darwin and his revolution theory达尔文和他的“进化论” Two parts A brief-introduction of Darwin（达尔文简介） The theory of evolution（进化论） The theory of evolution（进化论） Darwin’s theory of evolution Brief introduction（简介） Three features of evolution（3个特征） Influence（影响） Three feathers（三大特征） The Premise ——all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor （前提——所有的生物是息息相关的，并且来自于一个共同的祖先） Natural selection—— acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations. （自然选择——行为的延续和积累有利于发生轻微的基因突变） A slow gradual process —— natural selection acts only by taking advantage of slight successive variations; It can never take a great and sudden leap, but must advance by short and sure, though slow steps. （一个缓慢渐进的过程——自然选择只是通过利用轻微连续的变化来发挥作用，而不 是一个突然的飞跃，虽然步伐较慢，但必须短而精确） The influence of this evolutionary theory upon scientific thought and experimentation cannot be overestimated（过高评价）. In the years following the promulgation of Darwins theory of evolution, many accepted and many denied its validity. (进化论在科学思想和实验中的影响并没有得到过高评价。在随后几年达尔文进化论的传播中，一部分人接受他的观点，而一部分人反对他的正确性) The theory found an opposing force in some religious creeds that declared it incompatible with their basic tenets（原则）. For a time， evolution sometimes falsely interpreted as meaning human descent from monkeys rather than descent from an ancient and extinct ancestor, became a target for attack by both church and educational authorities. The conflit continued even as late as the time of the Scopes trial. Nevertheless, the theory of evolution became firmly entrenched as a scientific principle, and in most creeds it has been reconciled with religious teachings. （由于进化论与一些宗教信条的基本原则并不相容，对于该理论的传播造成阻力。一时间，进化论有时被错误地解释为人类祖先是猴子而不是一个古老的和已灭绝的祖先，这成为教会和教育部门反对的主要内容。这种冲突一直持续“猴子审判”期间。尽管如此，进化论已确定成为了科学原则根深蒂固的理论，并在大多数宗教信仰中得到认可。） Scopes trial ：1925年，当时美国田纳西州的法律禁止在中学讲授违反《圣经》的理论，而Scopes却违反这条法律讲授了进化论。因此Scopes被“神创论”的支持者告上了法庭，而这个审判就是有名的猴子审判。 After Darwin‘s theory of evolution（达尔文进化论之后的现代进化论） * * 《物种起源》(The Origin of Species)全称