动词不定式及动名词投影.doc

PAGE  PAGE 43 动词不定时的性质和构成 动词不定式：（to）+do， 　 否定式：not + (to) do 　 以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成， 如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.　 主动 被动 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing 完成时 to have done 主 to have been done 被 完成进行时 to have been doing一般式：to+动词原形 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 　　 例如： 　Im glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 　　 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。 　 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。 　　 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。 　　 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 　　 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 ???　 进行式：to be +现在分词 例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 　　 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 　　 完成式：to have+过去分词 例如：I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。 　　 I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 　　 He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。 I’ d like to have been offered the job and(to have been)given the opportunity to prove myself.我真想（当时）把这个工作给了我，给我个机会来证明我自己。 例如： I had hoped to visit the great pyramid=I hoped to have visited the great pyramid=I hoped to visit the great pyramid, but I didn’t. 我本希望参观大金字塔的。 不定式的句法功能：不定式可以做主语 作主语：eg：to die like that is a terrible thing. It is terrible thing to die like that. 在看一个例子，to tell a lie is not always easy=It’s not always easy to tell a lie.撒谎并非总是易事。 第三个例子 eg: For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing.=it’s a terrible thing for a dog to die like that. It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. It is very kind of you to help me. Kind在这里是表语，形容you， It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.这样的句子更强调某人如何如何。可以改写成“sb+be+形容词+to do sth。而for sb to do sth这一结构更强调某事如何如何 It is easy for me to learn English. 更强调英语很好学。不能说成： It is difficult of me to learn English.或者 I am difficult to learn English. 看教材上第二个例子。It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time=You