医学英语 Medical English Translation(11) Translation of Long Sentences 学习资料.ppt
Chapter11TranslationofLongSentences
TranslationofLongSentencesMalignanttumourstendsoonerorlatertodisseminateandformmetastases,andunlesstreatedearlyandradicallytheyalmostinvariablykill;simpletumoursrarelycausefatalityunlesstheyinterferewiththefunctionofvitalorgans.Theescapeofbloodfromthebloodvessels,fromwhatevercause,isspokenofashemorrhage.Thebloodmayescapefromthebody,asaftertheinflictionofanopenwoundwhichseversthebloodvesselsoritmaypassintothetissuesandsonotbevisible.
TranslationofLongSentencesTheonsetofchronicleukemiaisfrequentlysoinsidiousthatitisaccidentallydiscoveredwhenabloodcountisobtainedforotherreasonsorwhenthepatientreportstohisphysicianthathehasnotedafewenlargedlymphnodesorfelt,whilebathing,afirmleftupperquadrantabdominalmass.
TranslationofLongSentencesHeretheemphasisisondiseaseasaprocess,andaneffortismadetoexplaintheclinicalpicturebythepathologicalchangesfoundinthetissues,notonlyinthesurgicalpathologylaboratory,but,itmaybe,intheautopsyroom,wheretheobjectisnotmerelytodeterminethecauseofdeath,buttostudytheparticulardiseaseinallitsaspectsandramifications,andtocorrelateitwiththesignsandsymptomsobservedduringlife.
TranslationofLongSentencesPathologicphysiology,asthetermimplies,isconcernedwithdisturbancesinnormalphysiology,themechanismsproducingthesedisturbancesandthewayinwhichtheyexpressthemselvesassymptomsandsigns;suchabnormalitiesmayaccompanyorresultfromanatomicdefects,buttheyfrequentlyoccurintheabsenceofanypathologicanatomicchange,for“biochemicallesions”maybeexpressionsofcellulardysfunctionbeforetheprocessissevereenough,orhasbeenpresentlongenoughtocausedamagedetectablegrosslyormicroscopically.