中华文明Chinesecivilizati0n.doc

　中华文明 Chinese civilization 　　文明摇篮 cradle of civilization 　　华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors 　　秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin 　　皇太后 Empress Dowager 　　汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD) 　　成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin 　　夏朝 Xia Dynasty? 明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties 　　地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法 　　四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan 　　陝西　 Shaanxi 　　四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 　　火药 gunpowder 　　印刷术 printing 　　造纸术 paper-making 指南针 the compass 　　汉字 Chinese character 　　单音节 single syllable 　　汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters 　　阳平 level tone 　　阴平 rising tone 　　上声 falling-rising tone 　　去声 falling tone 　　四书 the Four Books 《大学》 The Great Learning 　　《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean 　　《论语》 The Analects of Confucius 　　《孟子》 The Mencius 　　《春秋》 the Spring and Autumn Annals 　　《史记》 Historical Records 　　《诗经》 The Books of Songs;The Book of Odes 《书经》 The Books of History 　　《易经》 I Ching; The Book of Changes 　　《礼记》 The Book of Rites 　　《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety 　　《孙子兵法》 The Art of War 　　《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture;The Three-Word Chant 　　《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms 　《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West 　　《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions 　　《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 　　《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers 　　《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber 　　《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin 　　《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio 《围城》 Fortress Besieged 　　《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q 　　五言绝句 five-character quatrain 　　七言律诗 seven-character octave 　　八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing 　　重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage 　　优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts 　　文物 cultural relics 中国画 traditional Chinese painting 　　书法 calligraphy 　　水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting 　　工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting 　　中国结 Chinese knot 　　旗袍 Cheongsam 　　中山装 Chinese tunic suit 　　唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit 朝廷使者 royal court envoy 　　文人 men of lette