(工业设计专业英语翻译1.doc

AALTO，ALVAR（1898——1976） Finish architect and designer. Aalto studied architecture at the Polytechnic in Helsinki from 1918 to 1921. He established himself as an architect in 1923，and his Sanatorium at Paimio (1929——1933）is a classic of International Modern architecture. At the same time he began to design plywood chairs，and in 1935 set up a firm，Artek，to market his simple and successful furniture. Some of his plywood is cantilevered like Bauhaus tubular steel，but clearly softer in finish. His furniture was successful in England and in America and prompted other experiments in that direction，notably by Jack Pritchard. From 1937 he designed glass for Iittala，using asymmetrical shapes and subtle curves. Though part of the International Modern movement，Aalto was always sensitive to brick as a material，and he was one of the gentler exponents Modern forms. 阿尔瓦尔，阿尔托（1898——1976） 芬兰建筑师和设计者。阿尔托从1918年到1921年在赫尔辛基理工大学研究建筑学。在1923年他确立了自己作为一名建筑师，他的休养地在拜米欧1929年到1933年是一所古典的国际型现代建筑。同时，他开始设计胶合板椅子，在1935年成立了一所阿泰克公司，去销售他的简洁而又成功的家具。他的胶合板椅子中的一些悬臂式椅子像包豪斯管状钢化的，但是完成之后柔软得像沙发。他的家具在英国和美国很成功并且引起了在那个方向上其他的试验，尤其是普里查德。从1937年他为伊塔拉设计玻璃，用不对称的形状和精细的线条。即使部分国际性现代运动，阿尔托对砖砌的材料总是很敏感，他是温和典型的现代形式之一。 GROPUS,Walter (1883---1969) German architect. After studying architecture between 1903 and 1907, he worked for Behrens from 1908 to 1910. His earliest pre-First World War furniture was neoclassical. He was a member of the Deutscher Werkbund and in 1919 succeeded Van de Velde as head of the Weimer School of Arts and Crafts. This became the Bauhaus, first at Weimar and then in 1925 at Dessau, in a new International Modern building designed by Gropius himself. Gropius otherwise designed very little, but as director of the school was a major influence through his selection of staff, for example Moholy—Nagy. 沃尔特德国建筑师。在1903年和1907年之间他曾在帕萨蒙提从1908年到1910年。他最早的世界大战是新古典主义家具。他是一名德国工艺和在1919年成功范·威尔德学校魏玛的工艺品。这成为了包豪斯。1925年第一次是在魏玛然后在德绍在一个新的国际现代建筑设计。否则格罗佩斯设计非常小但总监的学校是一个主要的影响通过选择他的员工例如纳吉。德国画家、平面设计师和建筑师。他是一个图形的艺术家直到1901年他建造了自己的房子两