analogy——类比.ppt

Analogy[?’n?l?d?i] 类比/比拟 By The four Definition： A cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analogue类似物 or source) to another particular subject (the target), and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. Compare two things which are alike in various respect. Purpose: 1. to explain or clarify some unfamiliar or complex idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to a familiar one. 2. to establish the pattern of reasoning by using a familiar or less abstract argument to enable the reader to understand easily and probably agree with. eg. (1) You may abuse a tragedy, though you cannot write one. You may scold a carpenter who has made you a bad table, though you cannot make a table. It is not your trade to make tables. (2) People say that when the first successful balloon flight took place, Benjamin Franklin was asked: “what good was such an invention?” He answered, “what good is a new-born baby?” (3) Appropriate praise to a child is what the sun is to a flower. 例：妙玉笑道：“……岂不闻‘一杯为品，二杯即是解渴的蠢物，三杯便是饮牛饮骡了。’你吃这一海便成什么？” 《红楼梦》 When constructing an analogy, one should not take time to mention the differences between the two subjects, because that will blur the focus and distract the reader. Instead, you should work with similarities only and develop as many parallel similarities as you can think of. with many aspects being alike, a conclusion drawn from one will suggest a similar conclusion drawn from the other. eg: Woman, when you move about in your household service your limbs sing like a hill stream among its pebbles. 妇人，你在料理家务的时候，你的手足歌唱着，正如山间的溪水歌唱着在小石中流过。 -- 泰戈尔 飞鸟集 Simile VS. Analogy Simile is generally a more artistic likening, done briefly for effect and emphasis. Analogy serves a more practical end, explaining a thought process or a line of reasoning or the abstract in terms of the concrete. Therefore, analogy is more extended. eg: Reading is the food of the mind. (s