《2016年武汉大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题》.pdf

武 汉 大 学 2012 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题 （满分值100 分） 科目名称：英语 （B 卷） 科目代码：1011 注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension 2 20 ＝40% Directions: In this p art of the test, there will be 5 passage fo r yo u to read. Each passage is fol lowed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is fol lowed by fou r choices marked A, B, C, and D. you are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANWER SHEET. Passage One A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance and lack of responsibility, are outdated. In all Western industrialized counties, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist; in other words, he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any reason”. I would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation. This may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, I think, our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago. The main object ion to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support,