《Lecture+12(耶鲁大学-心理学导论讲稿)》.pdf

1 Introduction to Psychology Yale University Lecture 12 So what were doing today is continuing on the theme of emotions. Emotions is a two-part lecture and were continuing along certain themes. I want to begin by responding to a question which was raised in the last class concerning smiling and nonhuman primates. It was a very good question. The issue was: we know that humans have different sorts of smiles to convey different sorts of information. The question was, do nonhuman primates, like chimpanzees or gorillas or gibbons, have the same many sorts of smiles? So, I contacted the worlds expert on smiling, who did not return my e-mails. So, I contacted the second worlds expert on smiling who told me that the answer is no, that primate--nonhuman primate smiles actually correspond almost entirely to appeasement smiles. Theyre dont hurt me smiles. Theyre equivalent to the coy smile that we saw on humans. But that nonhuman primates do not use smiles for greetings; theres no equivalent to the greeting smile or Pan Am smile; nor do they use them as genuine expressions of happiness. Theres no equivalent to the Duchenne smile. Thats as far as I know. If the worlds expert gets back to me and says something different, Ill keep you posted. Another thing. Going back to the beginning theme of the class, what we started--just to review, we talked about the different functions of emotions. And then we talked about smiling and facial expressions. And then we turned to some--to a nonsocial emotion, the case of fear. And then we shifted to social emotions. And we talked about social emotions towards kin and the special evolutionary reasons that would lead them to evolve. And as we were ending, we were talking about the relationship between an animal and its children, particularly in cases like humans and birds and mammals wher