Managing Intersystem Coupling.pdf

Managing the “Trick-Bag” of Intersystem Coupling Jeffrey S. Levin Presented to: NDIA 9th-Annual Systems Engineering Symposium, San Diego, CA 25-October-2006 25 October 2006 Managing Intersystem Couplingslide 2 “A system is a collection of parts, no one of which can be changed.” “In systems, all other things are rarely equal.” Weinberg, Gerald M. (2001). General Systems Thinking (Silver Anniversary Edition). New York: Dorset House Publishing, p. 162. “Law of Strong Connections” 25 October 2006 Managing Intersystem Couplingslide 3 Coupling versus Autonomy (OSD ATL, Air Warfare (December 2002). “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Roadmap, 2002-2027,” p. 41) Closed systems are artificial creations of scientists and engineers 25 October 2006 Managing Intersystem Couplingslide 4 P1: A modicum of coupling achieves best results ? Either end of the coupling spectrum should be avoided P2: View Coupling as the effect, not just a cause ? The operational situation should dictate Coupling Required, not vice versa Propositions A General Model of Coupling Coupling E f f e c t i v e n e s s ( Q / $ ) Autonomy Tight Cohesion 25 October 2006 Managing Intersystem Couplingslide 5 Coupling: Types Measures 1) Inter-Capability: 3) Inter-Nodal: 2) Complex-Dynamic: C = 7.2CIndex = 0.44 N * K = 20 E/Emax = 0.40 C = 8.0 CIndex = 0.42 N * K = 20 E/Emax = 0.40 C = 6.7 CIndex = 0.40 N * K = 20 E/Emax = 0.40 C = 5.0 CIndex = 0.00 N * K = 25 E/Emax = 0.50 C = 5.0 CIndex = 0.00 N * K = 50 E/Emax = 1.00Q = f (q1, q2, … qn) “Law of Mass Action” or “The System Concept” C E B A D 25 October 2006 Managing Intersystem Couplingslide 6 Notional Problem Application: Standoff Attack of Moving Targets PROBLEM: “Target Location Error” (TLE) is dynamic 25 October 2006 Managing Intersystem Couplingslide 7 Actor Factor Linkages WEAPON LAUNCH PLATFORM SENSOR_A C3 SYSTEM SENSOR_B ACTORS NETWORK CONFIGS.SYSTEMS CAPABILITY FACTORS WEAPON SEARCH TARGETING LATENCY BILATERATION GEOMETRY SENSOR PRECISION DATA