初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习及答案.docx
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现在完成时
【现在完成时】
A. 表示 去 生或已 完成的 作 在造成的影响或 果,或从 去已 开始,持 到 在的
作或状 。
【常用 状 】 recently, lately, since+ 点 , for+ 数字 + 名 , in the past few months/years 等
【构成】 肯定形式: have/has + done
否定形式 : have/has + not +done
一般疑 句 : have 或 has 放于句首
在完成 的用法
1) 在完成 所表示的 作在 之前已完成,而 在有影响。
eg. The car has arrived. 子来了。( 果: 子已在 口)
Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗 打破了。( 果:窗 仍破着)
区 : have been to, have gone to, have been in
have been to,表示去 某个地方,不 在已 回来了
have gone to 表示去了,但 没有回来,也 是在去的途中
have been in 指的是在某个地方,从 去一直延 到 在
例如:你以前去 北京么?
例如: A: Is Mr.Wang at home?
B: No,he is not in, (他去香港了)
2) 在完成 所表示的 作开始于 去,持 到 在,也 会持 下去。常用 for 和 since 表示
一段 的状 或 so far, now, today, this week (month , year)等表示包括 在 在内的状 。 eg. He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 2001.
Now I have finished the work.
注意: 表示短 作的 ,如 :come, go, die, marry, buy 等的完成 不能与 for, since 等表
示一段 的 用。用来持 的 作或状 或表 去重复的 作,如 live ,study, be, wait 等,常和
since(自从)或 for( )引 的 用。
如: I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了 30 多年。
由非延 性 到延 性 的 :
arrive → be here begin(start) → be on die → be dead
come back → be back leave → be away fall ill(sick, asleep)
be ill(sick, asleep)
get up → be up
go out → be out
finish → be over
put on → wear或 be on
open → be open
join → be in
或 be a member of?
close → be closed
go to school → be a student
borrow → keep
buy → have
catch(a cold) → have(a cold)
get to know → know
begin to study → study
come to work → work
1
例题
(
) 1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
D. had been away
(
) 2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
(
) 3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open
B. has opened
C. was open
D. opened
(
) 4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
D. have become
(
) 5.You mustnt_____ until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave
C. be left
(
) 6.The meeting _____ for a week now.
A. ha
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