药物合成反应(第三版)第四章课后翻译.doc

In a 3-l. round-bottomed flask (Note 1) fitted with a reflux condenser are placed 625 cc. of 95 per cent alcohol (Note 2), 500 cc. of water, 500 g. (476 cc., 4.7 moles) of pure benzaldehyde (Note 3), and 50 g. of sodium cyanide (96–98 per cent). 在配有回流冷凝器的3L圆底烧瓶中加入625ml的95%酒精、500ml水、500g（476ml，4,7mol）的苯甲醛和50g 96-98%的氰化钠。The mixture is then heated and kept boiling for one-half hour (Note 4). 混合物加热并保持沸腾1.5小时。In the course of about twenty minutes, crystals begin to separate from the hot solution. 在20分钟后晶体开始从热溶液中析出。At the end of the thirty minutes, the solution is cooled, filtered with suction, and washed with a little water. 在最后的30分钟，冷却溶液，抽滤并用少量水洗涤The yield of dry crude benzoin, which is white or light yellow, is 450–460 g.有450-460g白色或亮黄色的干燥的安息香。 (90–92 per cent of the theoretical amount). 理论产率90-92%。In order to obtain it completely pure, the crude substance is recrystallized from 95 per cent alcohol, 90 g. of crude material being dissolved in about 700 cc. of boiling alcohol; upon cooling, a yield of 83 g. of white, pure benzoin which melts at 129° is obtained.为了得到纯度高的产品，粗产品要在酒精中重结晶，90g粗品溶解在700ml沸腾的酒精中，冷却， 得到83g熔点为129摄氏度的白色安息香纯品。 In a 1-l. three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, short reflux condenser, and bent glass tube reaching below the surface of the liquid for the introduction of hydrogen chloride, are placed 50 g. (0.36 mole) of p-nitrophenol (Note 1), 650 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 5 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid (Note 2), and 76 g. (1 mole) of methylal (Note 3). 在配有机械搅拌，短期冷凝回流器和一个为的是深入液面下通氯化氢气体的弯曲的玻璃管三口圆底烧瓶中加入50g（0.36mol）对硝基苯酚，650ml的浓盐酸，5ml的浓硫酸和76g（1mol）的二甲氧基甲烷。The mixture is stirred while the temperature is maintained at 70 ± 2° for 4–5 hours by means of a water bath (Note 4). 在水浴中保持70±2度搅拌4-5小时。During this time hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the reaction mixture through the bent glass tube, and the excess gas is carried away through the reflux condenser to a hood or gas- absorption trap (Note 5). 在此期间通过玻璃弯管把氯化