清华 国际贸易学(双语讲义) new chap10.pdf

Chapter 10. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: CUSTOMS UNIONS AND FREE TRADE AREA 1. Introductionsome conceptions Economic integration refers to the commercial policy of discriminatively reducing or eliminating trade barriers only among the nations joining together. The forms of economic integration 1.Preferential trade arrangements provide lower barriers on trade among participating nations than on trade with nonmember nations. This is the loosest form of economic int egration ASEAN (1967) Association of South East Asian Nations Members: Indonesia, M alaysia ,the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, Brunei, Viet nam 2. Free trade area is the form of economic integration wherein all barriers are removed on trade among members, but each nation retains its own barriers to trade with nonmembers. NAFTA (1993) North American Free Trade Agreement Members: the United States, Canada, and Mexico 3. Customs union allows no tariffs or other barriers on trade among members , and in addition it harmonizes trade policies (such as the setting of common tariff rates) toward the rest of the world. Benelux (1948) Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg 4. Common market the free movement of goods and serv ices among member nat ions; The initiation of common ext ernal trade restrictions against mem bers; The free movement of factors of production across national borde rs within the economic bloc CACM (1960) Central American Common M arket Members: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua 5.Economic union goes still further by harmonizing or even unifying the monetary and fiscal policies of member states. This is the most advanced type of economic integration. EU (1958/1994) The