How to Negotiate Ambitious Global Emissions （如何谈判雄心勃勃的全球排放）.pdf

How to Negotiate Ambitious Global Emissions Abatement A Statement of Key Principles and an Explanatory Note 1 Peter Cramton, Axel Ockenfels and Steven Stoft 30 May 2013 Statement on a Global Carbon-Price Commitment* To strengthen national commitments to reduce global carbon emissions, we propose that countries commit to a common global carbon-price path. These commitments would: 1. Accommodate each countrys combination of cap-and-trade, fossil-fuel taxes, and use of carbon-pricing revenues. 2. Implement differentiated responsibilities by rewarding poor, low-emission countries for their compliance with the common commitment. In making this proposal, we note that the Kyoto approach to climate negotiations began by relying on two principles most essential for the resolution of a global problem of the commons: (1) Seek a global agreement, and (2) agree to a common commitment. Instead, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol ended up accepting individual commitments which are weak, because they depend on altruistic political will. In contrast, the proposed common commitment will help align national self-interests with the common welfare by eliminating contentious debates over individual national targets, and by assuring countries that their commitment will be matched by others. _________________ * This proposal is only intended to address emissions of CO2 and other GHGs. Separate design efforts are needed for Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and for energy research. 1 Peter Cramton is Professor of Economics at the University of Maryland and an expert on market