人身损害解释（Interpretation of personal injury）.doc

人身损害解释（Interpretation of personal injury） Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism (pulmonary, embolism, pulmonary embolism) is a common cardiovascular emergency. It can block the pulmonary artery bed and cause life-threatening right ventricular failure. Its initial treatment aims to restore blood flow and save life. Long term anticoagulation is very important in the prevention of recurrence, but it is often misdiagnosed due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations. 1 epidemiology PE and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are two clinical manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and have the same predisposing factors. In most cases, two occur concomitantly. Its mortality rate in the United States ranks second only to malignant tumors and myocardial infarction in third place. Pulmonary embolism in our country has been considered a rare disease, but from 1990s on the part of the hospital clinical epidemiological survey, found that the number of cases showed a steady upward trend, in 2001 the Chinese medical association respiratory disease branch released pulmonary thromboembolism diagnosis and treatment guidelines (Draft) since, part of the hospital cases increased 10 times. The latest prospective study shows that the fatality rate of acute PE is about 7% to 11%. 1.1 predisposing factors Predisposing factors include age, history of VTE, malignant tumors, neurological disorders of lower limb paralysis, long-term bed rest, hormone replacement therapy, and the use of contraceptives. The incidence of people over the age of 80 is 8 times that of people under the age of 50. 1.2 natural course In most cases, PE is a complication of DVT, about 1 /3 V TE can heal in a few days, about 40% of the disease will not progress, but 25% can develop into the center of DVT and PE. 1.3 pathophysiology Acute PE is mainly hemodynamic change, especially when the pulmonary vascular bed of 30% to 50% is embolized, the symptoms are obvious. The