attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in australian adults prevalence, persistence, conduct problems and disadvantage在澳大利亚成人注意缺陷多动障碍患病率、持久性,行为问题和缺点.pdf

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Australian Adults: Prevalence, Persistence, Conduct Problems and Disadvantage 1,2 2 1 1 2 Jane L. Ebejer *, Sarah E. Medland , Julius van der Werf , Cedric Gondro , Anjali K. Henders , 3 2 2 Michael Lynskey , Nicholas G. Martin , David L. Duffy 1 School Of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia, 2 Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 3 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America Abstract Background: The Prevalence and persistence of ADHD have not been described in young Australian adults and few studies have examined how conduct problems (CP) are associated with ADHD for this age group. We estimate lifetime and adult prevalence and persistence rates for three categories of ADHD for 3795 Australian adults, and indicate how career, health and childhood risk factors differ for people with ADHD symptoms and ADHD symptoms plus CP. Methodology: Trained interviewers collected participant experience of ADHD, CP, education, employment, childhood experience, relationship and health variables. Three diagnostic definitions of ADHD used were (i) full DSM-IV criteria; (ii) excluding the age 7 onset criterion (no age criterion); (iii) participant experienced difficulties due to ADHD symptoms (problem symptoms). Results: Prevalence rates in adulthood were 1.1%, 2.3% and 2.7% for each categorization respectively. Persistence of ADHD from childhood averaged across gender was 55.3% for full criteria, 50.3%