大地构造学_5课件.ppt

Tectonics Chapter 5Movement analysisofCrustal Lithosphere 第一节地壳的垂直运动 第三节深大断裂 三 . 走滑构造与拉分盆地 Journal of Structural Geology 28 (2006) 421–430 Influence of erosion and sedimentation on strike-slip fault systems: insights from analogue models Erwan Le Guerroue, Peter Robert Cobbold Experiments on the formation of strike-slip fault systems in sand Flower structures in nature. Seismic profiles are of positive flower structures from the Aruba Gap Abyssal Plain, Colombia (a) and Ardmore basin (b); and negative flower structure from the Andaman Sea (c). Vertical scale is in seconds of two-way travel time. Geological profile (d) is across San Gabriel fault zone, California . Conditions were 5 cm of basal slip and no erosion or sedimentation. At upper surface (a), early R-faults were cut by later Y-faults. In section C–C0 (b), faults splayed up through sand from basal cut (W). Notice reverse sense of dip-slip on faults. Bar diagram at right represents dilation (increase in cross-sectional area) Conditions were 5 cm of basal slip and no erosion or sedimentation. At upper surface (a), early R-faults were cut by later Y-faults. In section C–C0 (b), faults splayed up through sand from basal cut (W). Notice reverse sense of dip-slip on faults. Bar diagram at right represents dilation (increase in cross-sectional area) * 一 . 地层厚度法则 沉积物沉积过程的完成要具备三个条件：物源区、搬运、坳陷的沉积区。 沉积过程有三种情况（根据物源供给速度和地壳坳陷速度的关系） 沉积过程有三种情况（根据物源供给速度和地壳坳陷速度的关系） 沉积过程有三种情况（根据物源供给速度和地壳坳陷速度的关系） 估算地壳的拗陷幅度 A）补偿环境：拗陷幅度（X）＝厚度（Y） B）非补偿环境：拗陷幅度（X）＝厚度（Y）＋ 校正值（Z） C）超补偿环境：拗陷幅度（X）＝厚度（Y）－ 校正值（Z） X Y Z Y X Z Y X 校正值＝该段地层剖面底面初始深度与顶面沉积物形成时深度的差 A B C 二 . 构造运动面分析 三 . 抬升运动 四 . 构造旋回和褶皱幕 第二节地壳的水平运动 一 . 逆冲－推覆构造 二 . 伸展构造 *