【韩愈师说原文及翻译】韩愈《马说》原文及翻译注释.docx

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【韩愈师说原文及翻译】韩愈《马说》原文及翻译注释

一、韩愈《师说》原文

(1)古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道授业解惑也。夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。夫圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣！彼童子之才，幼而学之，壮而欲用之，岂不痛哉！

(2)王者不患莫己知，而患不能知人也。是以知人则哲，惟帝其难之。是以圣人无常师，取法乎上，仅得其中；取法乎中，仅得其下。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也；吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。

(3)现今之世，学者有师，然而师之师，谁其为之？师者，所以传道授业解惑也。古之学者必有师，师者，所以传道授业解惑也。然而，今之学者，多自以为足，不屑于求教于师。于是，师道之不传也久矣。夫师道之不传，非师之过也，学者之过也。学者不尊师，师道不兴，道不传，学术不兴，国将不国。是以，学者当以尊师重道为务，师者亦当以传道授业解惑为己任。师道之兴，学术之兴，国家之兴，皆由此始。吾愿学者，莫轻师道，莫轻师道，莫轻师道。吾愿师者，莫负学者，莫负学者，莫负学者。

二、《师说》原文翻译

(1)Inancienttimes,scholarsmusthaveteachers.Ateacherisonewhoimpartsknowledge,teachesskills,andresolvesdoubts.Howcanoneknowwhetherateacherisolderoryoungerthanoneself?Therefore,thereisnodistinctionbetweenthenobleandthehumble,theoldandtheyoung;wherethereistheway,thereistheteacher.Alas,thetraditionofteacher-studentrelationshipshasnotbeenpasseddownforalongtime!Itisdifficulttomakepeoplefreefromconfusion.Theancientsages,whowerefarsuperiortoothers,stillsoughtteachersandaskedquestions.Now,thecommonpeople,whoarefarinferiortothesages,areashamedtolearnfromteachers.Therefore,thereasonwhysagesaresagesandfoolsarefoolsmayallcomefromthis.Theylovetheirchildrenandchooseteacherstoeducatethem;butforthemselves,theyareashamedtolearnfromteachers.Whatafolly!

(2)Arulerdoesnotworryaboutbeingunknown,butaboutnotknowingothers.Therefore,knowingothersiswisdom,anditisdifficultfortheemperortodoso.Therefore,thesagesdonothavepermanentteachers,theylearnfromthehighest,andonlyreachthemiddle;theylearnfromthemiddle,andonlyreachthelowest.Therefore,themorevirtuousbecomemorevirtuous,andthemorefoolishbecomemorefoolish.Thereasonwhysagesaresagesandfoolsarefoolsmayallcomefromthis.Confuciussaid,Whenthreepeoplewalktogether,theremustbesomeoneIcanlearnfrom.Therefore,studentsdonothavetobebetterthantheirteachers,andteachersdonothavet