中学英语教学法导言.ppt

Theinteractionalviewseeslanguageasacommunicativetool(tobuildupandmaintainrelationsbetweenpeople).Twothingsareneededforcommunication:1Rulesoflanguageform (grammarvocabulary)Rulesoflanguageuseinacontext(Isitappropriatetousethislanguageiteminthiscontext?)2Viewsonthenatureoflanguagehaveanimpactontheteaching/learningmethodofaperson.ViewsonlanguagelearningTheProcess-orientedtheories，andtheCondition-orientedtheoriesTheBehaviouristtheory,andtheCognitivetheoryTheProcess-orientedtheoriesconcernhowthemindprocessesnewinformation.e.g.habitformation,induction,makinginference,hypothesistesting,generalizationTheCondition-orientedtheoriesTheCondition-orientedtheoriesconcernthenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace.e.g.numberofstudents,whatkindofinputlearnersreceive,learningatmosphereTheBehaviouristtheory

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theCognitivetheoryTheBehaviouristtheory01WatsonanRaynor:astimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology02TheBehaviouristtheoryFormsofbebavioursuchasmotions,habits,etc.areseenaselementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.Accordingtothetheory:010201TheBehaviouristtheory“Youcantrainananimaltodoanything(withinreason)ifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement.”01(Harmer.1983:30)02Stimulus→Organism→ResponseBehaviorReinforcement(behaviorlikelytooccuragainandbecomeahabit)NoReinforcement(behaviornotlikelytooccuragain)TheBehaviouristtheorySkinner:Languageisalsoaformofbehaviour.01LanguageteachinginUSA:TheAudio-LingualMethod(the“listen-and-repeat”drillingactivities).02InALM,mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected.03Chomsky:Languageisnotaformofbehaviour.Itisanintricate(complicated)rule-basedsystem.(Languageisrule-governed.)Therea