ir realism现实主义国际关系理论.ppt

Part three: Realism Realism Major actors and assumptions: a summary Classical Realism Neoclassical Realism Schelling and Strategic Realism Waltz and Neorealism Neorealism Stability Theory Realism after the cold world: the issue of NATO Expansion Two critiques of Realism Research prospects and program 1. Major actors and assumptions: a summary  States are the principal actors, and the study of international relations focuses on these units (states and interstate relations). Nonstates actors are less important. The realist views the state as both unitary and rational; Major actors and assumptions: a summary  3. Conviction that International relations are necessarily conflictual and the international conflicts are ultimately resolved by war; 4. Among the array of world issues, National security and national survival tops the list for states; (military and political issues dominate the agenda and referred to as high politics) Major actors and assumptions: a summary  5. Pessimistic view of human nature; 6. Progress in IR? (cyclical theory) First debates in IR(epistemology) Utopian Liberalism Focus International law International organization Interdependence Cooperation Peace Realist response Focus Power politics Security Aggression Conflict war 2. Classical Realism Intellectual Precursors Thucydides; Niccolo Machiavelli; Thomas Hobbes; Car von Clausewitz Edward Hallett Carr Thucydides(471-400 B.C.) The Peloponnesian War (431~404 BC) Great powers (Athens , sparta); and smaller and lesser powers in ancient Greek; The inequality (powers and capabilities) was considered to be inevitable and natural; Inevitable competitions and conflicts between ancient Greek city-states; The nature of war and why it recurs. Thucydides All states, large and small, must adapt to that given reality of unequal power and conduct themselves according. Struggle for military and political power Thucydides Why did war break out between Athens and Sparta? 1).fear ass