备件库存管理的分散式与集中式模式比较研究.doc

备件库存管理的分散式与集中式模式比较研究 A Comparative Study on Decentralized and Centralized Spare Inventory Management 摘要：本文建立了缺货风险控制下的分散式与集中式备件库存模型，通过对这两种库存模式的安全库存量和库存成本进行比较，结果表明，在相同的缺货概率下集中式备件库存管理可以降低整个企业的库存持有量，从而达到降低库存成本，减少资金占用的目的。同时，本文还给出了算例，对结果进行了验证。 Abstract: Distributed and centralized spare management models with risk out of stock controlled. Compared the two modes by safety inventory level and cost, the results showed that the centralized management model has lower inventory holdings enterprise-wide with the same risk probability out of stock than the distributed model, therefore it leads to lower inventory costs and fund possession fee. All the results are verified by an example. 关键字：备件库存，集中式，分散式，缺货风险 Key Word: spare management, centralized inventory, distributed inventory, risk out of stock 大型冶炼企业通常按照依山背水，靠近原料、燃料和销售地的原则[1] [2] 选址，各分公司的设备也大体相同或相近，设备的维修备件有许多通用件或标准件。备件的库存管理按照保存地点分布情况有分散式和集中式。分散式指每个分厂独立保有必要的备件，集中式则是若干家分厂共有一处备件保存点。由于这些设备的备件价格昂贵、数量和种类繁多，它们要占用巨额资金和仓位，以中国铝业公司为例，在2005年，旗下16家分公司的设备、备件库存占用资金约253.3亿 ，占库容约104476平方米。因此比较研究分散式和集中式备件管理模式是探讨生产企业降低成本、挖掘提效潜力的途径。 Large smelting enterprises usually select factory sites which have easy access to raw materials, fuels and sales markets. [1][2] Their branches have the same or similar equipment, the maintenance spare parts of which are general parts or standard parts. According to the distribution of storage sites, management of spare parts inventory can be classified into decentralized and centralized management. Decentralized management of spare parts inventory means that each branch has necessary spare parts they need, while centralized management indicates that branches share the same storage site. Due to their high cost, large quantity and variety, the spare parts cost a lot and takes up large space. Take Chinese Aluminum Company for example. The inventory of spare parts and equipment in its sixteen branches costs about 25.33 billion, its space being 104,476 square meters. Therefore, the comparative study on decentralized and