考研英语阅读理解-(三).pdf

考研英语阅读理解-三（）

总（分：100.00,做题时间:90分钟）

一、{{B}}SectioIReadigComprehesio{{/B}}总（题数：4,分数：100.00）

SchoolshootingsliketheonethatdevastatedthesmallGermantownof

Winnendenon11Marchmaynotjustberandomactsofviolence.Areview

ofsimilarkillingsintheUS,andofgeneralschoolaggression,indicates

thatsomeschoolsaremorelikelythanotherstobebreedinggroundsfor

killers.Schoolscantbeblamedforanindividualsactions,butthey

maybeabletoreducethechanceofakilleremergingfromtheirgates.

Therarenatureofschoolshootingsmakesthemtoughtostudyina

systematicway.ButbetweenJuly1999andJune2006therewereeightschool

shootingsinwhichmorethanonepersonwaskilledintheUSalone.Such

casestudiesallowresearcherstostartdrawingsomeparallels.

TraciWikeandMarkFraserattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Chapel

Hill,reviewedstudiesofshootingincidents,suchasthoseatColumbine

HighSchool,Colorado,in1999andatVirginiaTechin2007,andofgeneral

schoolaggression.Theyidentifiedsharedcharacteristicsthatmighthave

helpedtoshapethekillers.Shootingsappearmorelikelyinschools

characterizedbyahighdegreeofsocialstatusandlowbondingand

attachmentbetweenteachersandstudents,〃Wikesays.Theyprovide

rewardsandrecognitionforonlyanelitefew,andcreatesocialdynamics

thatpromotedisrespectfulbehavior,bullying,andpeerharassment.〃

Large,academicallycompetitiveschoolswithanobviousingroupareat

greatestrisk,sheadds.Thelevelofattachmentthatpupilsfeeltowards

aschoolmayalsoaffectdisplaysofviolence.〃Noshootinghasinvolved

astudentwhowasattachedandcommittedtoschool,〃Wikesays.

Ofcourse,personalfactorscantbeignored-andmaybemoreimportant

thanenvironmentalo