基于FPGA的PID控制器的实现--文献翻译.doc

FPGA-Based PID Controller Implementation Mohamed Abdelati The Islamic University of Gaza Gaza, Palestine Abstract: Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in automation systems. They are usually implemented either in hardware using analog components or in software using computer-based systems. They may also be implemented using Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). This paper outlines several modules necessary for building PID controllers on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) which improve speed, accuracy, power, compactness, and cost effectiveness.Two PID controllers for speed and position utilizing these modules are implemented and used as experimental platforms to illustrate and test the designed modules. 1 Introduction There are two approaches for implementing control systems using digital technology.The first approach is based on software which implies a memory-processor interaction. The memory holds the application program while the processor fetches,decodes, and executes the program instructions. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), microcontrollers, microprocessors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and general purpose computers are tools for software implementation. On the other hand, the second approach is based on hardware. Early hardware implementation is achieved by magnetic relays extensively used in old industry automation systems. It then became achievable by means of digital logic gates and Medium Scale Integration (MSI) components. When the system size and complexity increases, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are utilized. The ASIC must be fabricated on a manufacturing line, a process that takes several months, before it can be used or even tested . FPGAs are configurable ICs and used to implement logic functions. Early generations of FPGAs were most often used as glue logic which is the logic needed to connect the major components of a system. They were often used in prototypes because