英文名人介绍.doc

名人素材专项 Socrates Socrates (469 BC–399 BC) was a HYPERLINK /wiki/Classical_Greece \o Classical Greece Classical Greek HYPERLINK /wiki/Athens \o Athens Athenian HYPERLINK /wiki/Philosophy \o Philosophy philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of HYPERLINK /wiki/Western_philosophy \o Western philosophy Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students HYPERLINK /wiki/Plato \o Plato Plato and HYPERLINK /wiki/Xenophon \o Xenophon Xenophon, and the plays of his contemporary HYPERLINK /wiki/Aristophanes \o Aristophanes Aristophanes. Many would claim that Platos dialogues are the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity. Through his portrayal in HYPERLINK /wiki/Plato \o Plato Platos dialogues, Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of HYPERLINK /wiki/Ethics \o Ethics ethics, and it is this Platonic Socrates who also lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the HYPERLINK /wiki/Socratic_method \o Socratic method Socratic method, or elenchus. The latter remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions, and is a type of HYPERLINK /wiki/Pedagogy \o Pedagogy pedagogy in which a series of questions are asked not only to draw individual answers, but also to encourage fundamental insight into the issue at hand. It is Platos Socrates that also made important and lasting contributions to the fields of HYPERLINK /wiki/Epistemology \o Epistemology epistemology and HYPERLINK /wiki/Logic \o Logic logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains strong in providing a foundation for much western philosophy that followed. As one recent commentator has put it, Plato, the idealist, offers an idol, a master figure, for philosophy. A Saint, a prophet of the Sun-God, a teacher, condemned for his teachings as a heretic. Yet, the real Socrates, like many of the other Ancient philosophers, remains at best