2014年九年级英语人教版被动语态语法总结及练习.doc

被动语态 1 被动语态的构成 现在时态 一般现在时 现在进行时 一 般 将 来 时 现在完成时 情态动词 谓语动词构 成 am is +p.p. are am is +being+p.p. are will + be+p.p. am is +going to+ be + p.p. are have(has) +been+p.p. 情态动词+be+p.p 过去时态 一般过去时 过 去 进 行 时 过 去 将 来 时 过去完成时 谓语动词构 成 was +p.p. were was +being+p.p. were would +be+p.p. was +going to+be+p.p. were had +been+p.p. (1) 被动语态的用法： ① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如： A man was killed in the accident. / This window was broken yesterday. ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。如： Rice is also grown in this place. A railroad will be built here in three years. ③ 强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如： It was written by Lu Xun. A pet dog is never killed by its owner 注意点： ①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语： His teacher gave him a dictionary.→ He was given a dictionary by his teacher..→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher. His father made him a kite. →A kite was made for him by his father. ②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to. The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day. →The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day ③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。 The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her. ④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。 He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……) 注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。一感（feel） 二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. -- I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. -- He was seen to play football on the playground. 2). 短语动词的被动语态 　 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。： 　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 3). 表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。 　　It is said that…　　 据说　It is reported tha