2014+低钠血症诊断和治疗临床实践指南.pdf-andtreatment.PDF

G Spasovski and others Diagnosis and treatment of 170:3 G1–G47 Clinical Practice hyponatraemia Guideline Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia Goce Spasovski, Raymond Vanholder1, Bruno Allolio2, Djillali Annane3, Steve Ball4, Daniel Bichet5, Guy Decaux6, Wiebke Fenske2, Ewout Hoorn7, Carole Ichai8, Michael Joannidis9, Alain Soupart6, Robert Zietse7, Maria Haller10, Sabine van der Veer11, Wim Van Biesen1 and Evi Nagler1 on behalf of the Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group State University Hospital Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia, 1Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium, 2Wu¨ rzburg University Hospital, Wu¨ rzburg, Germany, 3Raymond Poincare′ Hospital, University of Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris, Correspondence France, 4Newcastle Hospitals and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK, 5Sacre′ -Coeur Hospital, University of should be addressed to Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 6Erasmus University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium, 7Erasmus Medical Centre, The Editorial of?ce, European Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 8Nice University Hospital, Nice, France, 9Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Journal of Endocrinology; Austria, 10KH Elisabethinen Linz, Linz, Austria and 11Amsterdam Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Email: eje@bioscienti? Abstract Hyponatraemia, de?ned as a serum sodium concentration !135 mmol/l, is the most common disorder of body ?uid and electrolyte balance encountered in clinical practice. It can lead to a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, from subtle to severe or even life threatening, and is associated with increased mortality, morbidity and length of hospital stay in patients presenting with a range of conditions. Despite this, the management of patients remains problematic. The prevale