时态和被动语态.doc

时态 吃 am eating 吃 will eat 吃 was eating 吃 have eaten 吃 eat 完成时态 1. 现在完成时 a.强调发生于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have posted the letter. b.构成：have/has +过去分词（主动语态）---have/has been +过去分词（被动语态） c.用法 1）跟以下时间状语连用 so far（到目前为止）， up till now（直到现在） up to now/present since(自从) in/during the past/last +表时间的词 all one’s life these years/weeks/days The company (be) ___ in the land market since 1990 and it is now taking the lead in the field. 2013年真题 Has been 注：当现在完成时跟for 引导的一段时间连用时，谓语动词应具有延续性。 He has died for two years. He died 2 years ago. He has been dead for 2 years. She has joined the army for 3 years. She joined the army 3 years ago. She has been a soldier for 3 years. 2) It/this is/will be the first/second…time +句子 This is the third time I (visit) ____ the Summer Palace. have visited 3)It/this is +形容词的最高级+名词+句子 This is the most exciting book I (read) _____. have read 过去完成时 概念：过去的过去 构成：had+过去分词（主动语态）--- had+been过去分词（被动语态） It (be) ____ the biggest ship before 1949. had been 用法： 1）2）3）4） I (hope) ___ to help you, but I did not have time at that time. Had hoped I’d rather you (buy) ___ the book yesterday. Had bought ※将来完成时 概念：在未来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态 构成：will/shall have done(主动语态)-- will/shall have been done(被动语态) 用法： By the time +句子（暗示一个未来的时间），句子（用将来完成时） By the time I get home this afternoon, my child (finish)will have finished his homework. 2）跟“by the end of+未来的时间状语”连用 He spends all his spare time collecting stamps. He says that by the end of the next year he ____ 3000 pieces. A. will have collected B. is going to collect C. will be collecting D. is about to collect 2012年真题 进行时态 现在进行时 概念： 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态 构成：am/is/are+现在分词（主动语态）-- am/is/are+being+过去分词（被动语态） The building (pull down) ____ now. is being pulled down 过去进行时 概念：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态 构成：was/were+现在分词（主动语态）was/were+being+过去分词（被动语态） 注：可用一个时间状语从句暗示出一个表过去的时间 The little boy _____ the road when he was hit by a bus. A. was just crossed B. was just crossing C. just cross D. had just crossed 2012年真题 When he knocked at the door,