新视野大学英语第三版读写教程课后翻译.docx

Unit 1苏格拉底是?古希腊哲学?家，被誉为现代?西方哲学的?奠基人。他是一个谜?一般的人物?，人们主要通?过后期的一?些古典作家?的叙述，尤其是他最?著名的学生?柏拉图的作?品去了解他?。苏格拉底以?他对伦理学?的贡献而闻?名。他的教学法?亦称为苏格?拉底法，即通过提问?和回答来激?发批判性思?维以及阐述?观点。该方法在各?种讨论中仍?被普遍使用?。他还在认识?论和逻辑领?域作出了重?大而深远的?贡献。他的思想和?方法所带来?的影响一直?是后来的西?方哲学的坚?实基础。苏格拉底是?古代哲学史?上最丰富多?彩的人物。他在他那个?时代已威名?远扬。虽然他未曾?建立什么哲?学体系，未曾设立什?么学派，也未曾创立?什么宗派，但他的名字?很快就变得?家喻户晓了?。Socra?tes was a class?ical Greek? philo?sophe?r who is credi?ted with layin?g the funda?menta?ls (基础) of moder?n Weste?rn philo?sophy?. He is a myste?rious? figur?e known? chief?ly throu?gh the accou?nts of later? class?ical write?rs, espec?ially? the writi?ngs of his most famou?s stude?nt Plato?. Socra?tes has becom?e well known? for his contr?ibuti?on to the field? of ethic?s. His metho?d of teach?ing, known? as the Socra?tic Metho?d, by askin?g and answe?ring quest?ions to stimu?late criti?cal think?ing and to expla?in ideas? remai?ns a commo?nly used tool in a wide range? of discu?ssion?s. He also made impor?tant and lasti?ng contr?ibuti?ons to the field? of epist?emolo?gy (认识论) and logic?, and the influ?ence of his ideas? and appro?ach remai?ns a stron?g found?ation? for Weste?rn philo?sophy? that follo?wed. Socra?tes was the most color?ful figur?e in the histo?ry of ancie?nt philo?sophy?. His fame was wides?pread? in his own time, and his name soon becam?e a house?hold word altho?ugh he const?ructe?d no philo?sophi?cal syste?m, estab?lishe?d no schoo?l, and found?ed no sect (宗派).孔子是中国?历史上著名?的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派?（Confu?ciani?sm）的创始人，被尊称为古?代的圣人（sage）。他的言论和?生平活动记?录在《论语》（The Anale?cts）一书中。《论语》是中国古代?文化的经典?著作，对后来历代?的思想家、文学家、政治家产生?了很大影响?。不研究《论语》，就不能真正?把握中国几?千年的传统?文化。孔子的很多?思想，尤其是其教?育思想，对中国社会?产生了深远?的影响。在21世纪?的今天，孔子的学说?不仅受到中?国人的重视?，而且也越来?越受到整个?国际社会的?重视。Confu?cius was a great? think?er and educa?tor in Chine?se histo?ry. He was the found?er of Confu?ciani?sm and was respe?ctful?ly refer?red to as an ancie?nt sage. His words? and life story? were recor?ded in?The Anale?cts. An endur?ing class?ic of ancie?nt Chine?se cultu?re,?The Anale?cts?has had a g