lesson8风景园林专业英语.doc

Chinese garden concepts arrived in Japan along with Buddhism in the sixth century. Although sharing a similar aesthetic approach, the gardens built in the small, Well-watered island nation of Japan would ultimately differ from those of China, a country of vastly greater dimensions, a land of contrasting wide plains and mountainous precipices. After appropriating Chinese garden concepts, instead of continuing to create recollections of famous scenes in nature in the Chinese manner, Japanese garden designers increasingly sought a generic ideal of nature in conformity with the scale and topography of their own natural landscape. 中国的园林概念跟随着佛教在第六世纪抵达日本。虽然两国的审美方式很相近，但日本作为三面环海的小岛国，园林形式终将不同于中国，中国是一个更大规模的国家，土地广阔的平原和山区悬崖峭壁的对比。在挪用中国园林的概念，而不是继续创造“回忆”在中国的方式自然著名的场景，日本园林设计师越来越多地寻求与他们自己的自然景观的规模和地形相一致的自然的理想。 The eleventh-century treatise known as the Sakuteiki, presumably written by Tachibana no Toshitsuna(1028~1084) , is Japans earliest known manual of garden rules.In it one finds prescriptions for the handling of stones set within moving water in the socalled large river style. The Sakuteiki counsels that, in order to make a proper garden, one should travel widely and become acquainted with beautiful scenes in nature, indicating that by this time the Japanese had singled out various famous views as prized components of their countrys natural landscape .Besides giving precise instructions for building water-falls and other garden features, the author encourages gardeners to orient their buildings to the south according to the principles of geomancy. Logically, streams should be placed on this, their most open, side. He prescribed that these flow from east to west in order to cleanse the evil air emanating from the northeast and ward off demons. In addition to following these prescriptions of the Sakuteiki, Japanese garden designers often incorporated a distant vista in their designs in order to enlarge the visual sphere of the usually quite small garden and to reinforce it