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洞穴沉积相关An Overview of Biomineralization Processes and the Problem of the Vital Effect.pdf

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1AnOverviewofBiomineralizationProcesses

1

andtheProblemoftheVitalEffect

SteveWeiner

DepartmentofStructuralBiology

WeizmannInstituteofScience

76100RehovotIsrael

PatriciaM.Dove

DepartmentofGeoSciences

VirginiaTech

Blacksburg,Virginia24061U.S.A.

“Biomineralizationlinkssoftorganictissues,whicharecompositionallyakintotheatmosphere

andoceans,withthehardmaterialsofthesolidEarth.Itprovidesorganismswithskeletons

andshellswhiletheyarealive,andwhentheydiethesearedepositedassedimentin

environmentsfromriverplainstothedeepoceanfloor.Itisalsothesehard,resistantproducts

oflifewhicharemainlyresponsiblefortheEarth’sfossilrecord.Consequently,

biomineralizationinvolvesbiologists,chemists,andgeologistsininterdisciplinarystudiesat

oneoftheinterfacesbetweenEarthandlife.”

(LeadbeaterandRiding1986)

INTRODUCTION

Biomineralizationreferstotheprocessesbywhichorganismsformminerals.The

controlexertedbymanyorganismsovermineralformationdistinguishestheseprocesses

fromabioticmineralization.Thelatterwastheprimaryfocusofearthscientistsoverthe

lastcentury,buttheemergenceofbiogeochemistryandtheurgencyofunderstandingthe

pastandfutureevolutionoftheEartharemovingbiologicalmineralizationtothe

forefron

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