beginning the workday yet alreadyof late-night smartphone use and sleep开始工作但已在深夜智能手机使用睡眠.pdf

K.Lanajetal./OrganizationalBehaviorandHumanDecisionProcesses124(2014)11–2315

Sleepquantityr=.93fordepletionandr=.83forengagement(p.01forboth).

WemeasuredsleepquantitywiththefollowingitemadaptedTheshortenedscaleswerethereforedeemedvalidmeasuresof

fromBuysse,ReynoldsIii,Monk,Berman,andKupfer(1989):theirtargetconstructs.

‘‘Howmanyhoursofactualsleepdidyougetlastnight(Thismay

bedifferentthanthenumberofhoursyouspentinbed)?’’

Study1:Results

MorningdepletionReportedinTable1aredescriptivestatisticsandcorrelations

Morningstate-depletionwasmeasuredwithfiveitems(averageforthefocalvariables.Todeterminewhetherlevel1variablesdis-

aacrossdays=.91)fromascaledevelopedbyTwenge,Muraven,playedwithin-individualvariance,wefirstexaminedtheresultsof

andTice(2004;seeChristianEllis,2011,forthefulllistofitems).nullmodelsviahierarchicallinearmodeling(HLM;Raudenbush

EachmorningparticipantsindicatedtheextenttowhicheachBryk,2002).Nullmodelsareusefultoestimatethewithin-andbe-

statementrepresentedhowtheyfeltatthatmoment,usingascaletween-varianceinlevel1variables.Asourfindingsin

rangingfrom1(‘‘Veryslightlyornotatall’’)to5(‘‘Verymuch’’).Table2illustrate,therewassignificantwithin-variance

Exampleitemsincluded‘‘Ifeeldrained’’and‘‘Rightnow,itwould